![]() ![]() The jejunum and ileum are supplied by the jejunal and ileal branches (12-15 in number) of the superior mesenteric artery they originate from the left side of the superior mesenteric artery and goes into the mesentery to reach the intestine the terminal part of the ileum is supplied by the ileal branches of the ileocolic branch of the superior mesenteric artery as soon as these goes into the mesentery they break up into smaller branches which anastomose with every other to create a series of arterial arcades that are more complex in the ileum than in the jejunum.įrom the convexities of the endmost arcades, small parallel straight vessels named “vasa recta” originate and pass to the mesenteric border of the gut to be spread instead to the opposite surfaces of the small intestine. Notice, the tubercular ulcers are circularly put therefore, after recovering they frequently cause constriction of the lumen of small intestine by fibrous tissue, resulting in Intestinal Obstruction. Because of this, patients afflicted by typhoid fever are given hot soft diets.Īfter mending, the typhoid, ulcers don’t cause intestinal obstruction like tubercular ulcers. They may ulcerate in typhoid fever creating feature vertically oriented, oval ulcers which might occasionally perforate. Peyer’s patches may be felt via the antimesenteric border of the ileum. Clinical Significance Typhoid And Tubercular Ulcers It’s created by the visceral peritoneum and is lined by the simple squamous epithelium. Auerbach’s plexus of nerves is present between these 2 layers. It’s created from outer longitudinal and inner circular layers of smooth muscle. It’s created from loose areolar tissue and includes blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve plexus (Meissner’s plexus). In the distal part of the ileum where Peyer’s patches are a lot bigger and most numerous may go in the submucosa after breaking the muscularis mucosa. Peyer’s patches are small, circular, and fewer in the distal part of the jejunum, and large, oval, and numerous in the ileum especially in its distal part. They’re present lengthwise along the antimesenteric border. Every Peyer’s patch is composed of about 260 solitary lymph follicles and its length varies from 2 to 10 cm. Aggregated lymph follicles: They create circular or oval Positions named Peyer’s patches.Solitary lymph follicles: These are 1-2 millimeters in diameter and are spread through the length of the small intestine.The lamina propria of the mucous membrane includes 2 types of lymphatic follicles. They secrete digestive enzymes and mucous. Intestinal Glands (Crypts of Lieberkuhn).īetween the bases of villi, the epithelium is invaginated in the lamina propria to create intestinal glands. The whole epithelial lining of the small intestine is replaced in every 2 to 4 days.The overall surface area of mucosa of the small intestine is all about 200 m2.Microvilli: The surface epithelium covering the villi presents microvilli (or striated border).Villi: The surface of circular folds is thrown into small (0.5 mm or less in length) finger like projections named villi.Plicae circulares (or valves of Kerckring): All these are circular folds, that are long-lasting and aren’t obliterated by distension.Larger Surface Area: For digestion and absorption of nutriments, the surface area of mucus membrane is extremely improved by plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.The mucosa presents the subsequent 3 important features. (a) mucosa, (b) submucosa, (c) muscle layer, and (d) serosa. The wall of the small intestine contains 4 layers. The structure of the small intestine corresponds to its functional demands. The jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a large fold of peritoneum known as the mesentery of small intestine thus, the small intestine appreciates a substantial freedom. Nevertheless, there’s no clear line of demarcation. Its upper two fifth creates the jejunumand its lower 3-fifth creates the ileum. The small intestine suitable stretches from the duodenojejunal flexureto the ileocaecal junction. ![]()
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